PACS Observer's Manual
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PACS Observer's Manual

Announcement of Opportunity for Key Programmes

version 1.0, 01 February 2007

version 1.1, 14 March 2007

version 1.2, 04 June 2007

version 1.3, 04 July 2007

version 1.4, 08 October 2007

version 1.5, 17 October 2007

HERSCHEL-HSC-DOC-0832, Version 1.5
17-October-2007

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
1.1. Purpose of document
1.2. Background
1.3. Acknowledgements
1.4. Acronyms
2. The PACS instrument
2.1. Overview: instrument concept
2.2. Common Optics
2.2.1. Entrance Optics
2.2.2. Calibration sources
2.2.3. Chopper
2.3. Photometer
2.3.1. Filters
2.3.2. Bolometer arrays
2.3.3. Cooler
2.4. Spectrometer
2.4.1. Image slicer
2.4.2. Grating
2.4.3. Order sorting Filters
2.4.4. Photoconductor arrays
3. Scientific capabilities
3.1. Herschel telescope
3.2. Chopper
3.3. Mirrors
3.4. Characteristics of the photometer
3.4.1. Photometer spatial resolution
3.4.2. Photometer filters
3.4.3. Photometer bad pixels
3.4.4. Photometer sensitivity
3.5. Characteristics of the spectrometer
3.5.1. Diffraction Losses
3.5.2. Grating efficiency
3.5.3. Spectrometer filters
3.5.4. Spectrometer spatial resolution
3.5.5. Spectrometer spectral resolution
3.5.6. Spectrometer relative spectral response function
3.5.7. Spectrometer sensitivity
4. Observing with PACS
4.1. PACS photometer AOT
4.1.1. Point-source photometry
4.1.1.1. Chopper avoidance angle in point-source mode
4.1.2. Small-source photometry
4.1.2.1. Chopper avoidance angle in small-source mode
4.1.3. Large area or extended source mapping
4.1.3.1. Raster mapping mode
4.1.3.1.1. Raster map orientation constraint
4.1.3.2. Scan mapping mode
4.1.3.2.1. Scan maps in instrument reference frame
Scan map orientation
4.1.3.2.2. Scan maps in sky coordinates
4.1.3.3. Scan maps sensitivity
4.1.4. Gain setting for bright sources
4.2. PACS spectrometer AOTs
4.2.1. Line scan spectroscopy AOT
4.2.1.1. Standard chopping-nodding mode
4.2.1.2. Bright lines chopping-nodding mode
4.2.1.3. Line scan in wavelength-switching mode
4.2.2. Range scan spectroscopy Mode
4.2.2.1. Raster mapping in range scan
4.2.2.2. Range scan
4.2.2.3. SED mode
5. Calibration framework
6. Using HSpot to create PACS observations
6.1. Guidelines to AOT use
6.2. Tutorial of an AOT entry in HSpot
6.2.1. Tutorials of Photometer AOT entry
6.2.1.1. Tutorial of point-source photometry mode entry
6.2.1.2. Example of a raster map entry
6.2.1.3. Tutorial of Photometer scan map entry
6.2.2. Tutorials of Spectrometer AOT entry
6.2.2.1. Example of line spectroscopy AOT entry
6.2.2.2. Example of range spectroscopy AOT entry
7. Pipeline description and data product expectations
7.1. PACS photometry standard data processing
7.1.1. Photometry processing steps
7.1.2. Photometer processing levels
7.1.3. Photometer processing flow diagram
7.2. PACS spectrometry standard data processing
7.2.1. PACS spectrometry processing steps
7.2.2. Spectrometer processing levels
7.2.3. Spectrometer processing flow diagram
8. Change record
References
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   Chapter 1. Introduction