Ephemeris information is given in HSpot for a limited sample of the most likely Herschel targets among Solar System Objects. For objects that are not included in these lists, the observer should contact Helpdesk (http://herschel.esac.esa.int/esupport/).
![[Warning]](../../admonitions/warning.gif) | Warning |
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These list are not exhaustive, but rather an approximation to the most likely Solar System targets for observers. Inclusion in the list does not guarantee that Herschel will have the sensitivity or capability to observe the choosen target. If your intended target is not in the list, please contact the Helpdesk (http://herschel.esac.esa.int/esupport/) at the Herschel Science Centre to get the target included. Please note though that this is not an instant process and is unlikely to be possible in the days before a deadline. Any such requests should be made well in advance of AO closure. |
Asteroids: The following are likely calibration targets for Herschel and are included in the HSpot ephemeris database as such.
1 Ceres 2 Pallas 3 Juno 4 Vesta 5 Astraea 6 Hebe 7 Iris 9 Metis 10 Hygiea 12 Victoria 17 Thetis 18 Melpomene 19 Fortuna 20 Massalia 21 Lutetia 23 Thalia 24 Themis 28 Bellona 29 Amphitrite 31 Euphrosyne 37 Fides 40 Harmonia 41 Daphne 42 Isis 47 Aglaja 48 Doris 51 Nemausa 52 Europa 54 Alexandra 56 Melete 65 Cybele 69 Hesperia 85 Io 88 Thisbe 93 Minerva 94 Aurora 196 Philomela 241 Germania 313 Chaldaea 354 Eleonora 360 Carlova 423 Diotima 451 Patientia 471 Papagena 505 Cava 511 Davida 532 Herculina 704 Interamnia 776 Berbericia
Near Earth Asteroids: the following are all numbered objects with a predicted close-approach to the Earth during the likely Herschel mission duration. Three objects have more than one close approach during the expected Herschel mission duration.
No. Name NAIF ID 433 Eros 2000433 3103 Eger 2003103 3361 Orpheus 2003361 3838 Epona 2003838 3988 1986 LA 2003988 4179 Toutatis 2004179 4183 Cuno 2004183 4486 Mithra 2004486 4581 Asclepius 2004581 4769 Castalia 2004769 6239 Minos 2006239 7341 1991 VK 2007341 8566 1996 EN 2008566 8567 1996 HW1 2008567 9162 1987 OA 2009162 10145 1994 CK1 2010145 11885 1990 SS 2011885 14402 1991 DB 2014402 17274 2000 LC16 2017274 22099 2000 EX106 2022099 23187 2000 PN9 2023187 24761 Ahau 2024761 33342 1998 WT24 2033342 35107 1991 VH 2035107 37655 Illapa 2037655 52768 1998 OR2 2052768 54509 2000 PH5 2054509 54660 2000 UJ1 2054660 65679 1989 UQ 2065679 65690 1991 DG 2065690 65909 1998 FH12 2065909 66146 1998 TU3 2066146 68216 2001 CV26 2068216 85236 1993 KH 2085236 85640 1998 OX4 2085640 85640 1998 OX4 2085640 85770 1998 UP1 2085770 85774 1998 UT18 2085774 85938 1999 DJ4 2085938 85953 1999 FK21 2085953 85989 1999 JD6 2085989 88213 2001 AF2 2088213 88254 2001 FM129 2088254 90367 2003 LC5 2090367 90403 2003 YE45 2090403 99907 1989 VA 2099907 99942 Apophis 2099942
Comets: The following list includes all the brightest periodic comets that are expected to be visible up to the end of 2011 three potentially bright unnumbered (i.e. first return) objects that were included have now been recovered and numbered and the list updated to reflect this fact - the ephemeris information for these will logically be less precise may well still in some cases be insufficiently accurate to permit observations until the orbit is refined (for example, the ephemeris position for 217P/LINEAR showed a 20 arcsecond difference between the late July and the late September orbit update). The list includes five objects with an Earth approach to within 0.2AU during the likely Herschel mission duration. One non-periodic comet of interest is also included.
| Warning |
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| In most cases of periodic comets making their first return, it will be necessary for the comet to have been recovered and the ephemeris corrected, for observations to be possible with Herschel. |
Name NAIF ID 2P/Encke 1000025 6P/d'Arrest 1000017 9P/Tempel 1 1000093 10P/Tempel 2 1000094 15P/Finlay 1000027 19P/Borrelly 1000005 21P/Giacobini-Zinner 1000032 22P/Kopff 1000054 27P/Crommelin 1000016 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 1000079 43P/Wolf-Harrington 1000111 45P/Honda-Mrkos-Pajdusakova 1000045 64P/Swift-Gehrels 1000090 65P/Gunn 1000035 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko 1000012 73P-B/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 1000320 73P-C/Schwassmann-Wachmann 3 1000081 78P/Gehrels 2 1000030 81P/Wild 2 1000107 85P/Boethin 1000004 88P/Howell 1000046 96P/Machholz 1 1000061 103P/Hartley 1000041 116P/Wild 4 1000122 118P/Shoemaker-Levy 4 1000150 144P/Kushida 1000148 169P/NEAT 1001656 189P/2002 O5 (NEAT) 1000400 217P/2001 MD7 (LINEAR) 1000345 222P/2004 X1 (LINEAR) 1000530 C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) 1000132 C/2006 W3 (Christensen) 1002430 P/2006 T1 (Levy) 1002422 C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring) 1002472 C/2008 Q3 (Garradd) 1002990 C/2010 X1 (Elenin) 1003113
TNOs and dwarf planets: The largest known TNOs to date are included plus all the targets required by KPOT_thmuelle_1. Note that there are multiple NAIF IDs for Pluto.
No. Name/designation NAIF 20000 Varuna 2020000 28978 Ixion 2028978 50000 Quoaor 2050000 55565 2002 AW197 2055565 90377 Sedna 2090377 90482 Orcus 2090482 134340 Pluto 9, 999, 2134340 136108 2003 EL61 2136108 136199 Eris = 2003 UB313 2136199 136472 2005 FY9 2136472
Planetary bodies: Only planets observable by Herschel are included. Note that planetary centres are NAIF IDs ending with "99", barycentres are single-digit NAIF IDs. For the purposes of Herschel planning the two positions can be regarded as equivalent.
Mars 4, 499 Jupiter 5, 599 Saturn 6, 699 Uranus 7, 799 Neptune 8, 899
Major planetary satellites: the list excludes objects that have a maximum elongation from their parent body too small to make them feasible targets for Herschel. Stray light may be an important issue in some cases.
Jupiter: Io 501 Europa 502 Ganymede 503 Callisto 504 Saturn: Mimas 601 Enceladus 602 Tethys 603 Dione 604 Rhea 605 Titan 606 Hyperion 607 Iapetus 608 Phoebe 609 Uranus: Titania 703 Oberon 704 Sycorax 707 Neptune: Triton 801
Additional TNOs and Centaurs included in an expanded list of Solar System bodies in HSpot v3.0.7 and further expanded in HSpot v3.3.3.
Numbered TNOs and Centaurs:
2060 Chiron
5145 Pholus
8405 Asbolus
10199 Chariklo
10370 Hylonome
12929 1999 TZ1
15788 1993 SB
15820 1994 TB
15874 1996 TL66
15875 1996 TP66
19308 1996 TO66
19521 Chaos
24835 1995 SM55
26181 1996 GQ21
26308 1998 SM165
26375 1999 DE9
29981 1999 TD10
31824 Elatus
32532 Thereus
32929 1995 QY9
33128 1998 BU48
33340 1998 VG44
35671 1998 SN165
38628 Huya
40314 1999 KR16
42301 2001 UR163
42355 Typhon
44594 1999 OX3
47171 1999 TC36
47932 2000 GN171
48639 1995 TL8
52872 Okyrhoe
54598 Bienor
55576 Amycus
55636 2002 TX300
55637 2002 UX25
55638 2002 VE95
60454 2000 CH105
60558 Echeclus
60608 2000 EE173
65489 Ceto
66652 1999 RZ253
73480 2002 PN34
78799 2002 XW93
79360 1997 CS29
79978 1999 CC158
79983 1999 DF9
80806 2000 CM105
82075 2000 YW134
82155 2001 FZ173
82158 2001 FP185
83982 Crantor
84522 2002 TC302
84719 2002 VR128
84922 2003 VS2
86177 1999 RY215
87555 2000 QB243
88268 2001 KK76
88611 Teharonhiawa
90568 2004 GV9
91133 1998 HK151
95625 2002 GX32
95626 2002 GZ32
113804 2002 TA207
119068 2001 KC77
119069 2001 KN77
119070 2001 KP77
119315 2001 SQ73
119473 2001 UO18
119878 2002 CY224
119951 2002 KX14
119956 2002 PA149
119979 2002 WC19
120061 2003 CO1
120132 2003 FY128
120178 2003 OP32
120181 2003 UR292
120216 2004 EW95
120347 2004 SB60
120348 2004 TY364
126154 2001 YH140
126155 2001 YJ140
127546 2002 XU93
127871 2003 FC128
133067 2003 FB128
134860 2000 OJ67
135182 2001 QT322
135571 2002 GG32
136204 2003 WL7
138537 2000 OK67
139775 2001 QG298
143685 2003 SS317
143707 2003 UY117
143991 2003 YO179
144897 2004 UX10
145451 2005 RM43
145452 2005 RN43
145453 2005 RR43
145474 2005 SA278
145480 2005 TB190
145486 2005 UJ438
148780 2001 UQ18
149560 2003 QZ91
150642 2001 CZ31
174567 2003 MW12
175113 2004 PF115
Currently unnumbered TNOs and Centaurs with only a provisional designation.
| Warning |
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Not all of these objects will have an ephemeris of sufficient quality to be observable by Herschel. In some cases, particularly single opposition orbits, it will be necessary to obtain astrometry to update the ephemeris before observations can be considered with Herschel. However, even some objects with two or more oppositions for which the second opposition was several years ago may also have significant errors in the ephemeris. Note that this is a fluid situation and that the current orbit and ephemeris needs to be consulted when planning observations to see if any of the objects listed below have revised orbits since mid-2007. The following warning flags are shown: * Objects with possibly unsatisfactory multiopposition orbits (3 σ position error >6-20" from the current ephemeris (when calculated in mid-2007). ** Objects with unsatisfactory multiopposition orbits (3 σ position error >20" extrapolated from the current ephemeris (when calculated in mid-2007), or an orbit for which Horizons could not, at that time, extrapolate an error. *** Single opposition, short-arc objects with very poor ephemerides. Please check the Herschel Observers' Manual for information on the constraints imposed by each instrument on the target position accuracy. |
1995 SN55 *** 1996 TC68 *** 1996 TS66 1998 XY95 ** 1999 CD158 1999 XY143 ** 2000 CL104 2000 CN105 2000 GP183 2000 KK4 2000 ON67 ** 2000 OU69 * 2000 PE30 ** 2000 QL251 * 2000 YH2 ** 2001 DC106 *** 2001 HY65 2001 KA77 * 2001 KB77 2001 KD77 2001 KN76 2001 KO77 ** 2001 KQ77 * 2001 KU76 2001 KY76 ** 2001 PK47 ** 2001 QA298 ** 2001 QB298 * 2001 QC298 2001 QD298 ** 2001 QF298 ** 2001 QJ298 ** 2001 QO297 ** 2001 QQ199 2001 QQ322 ** 2001 QR297 ** 2001 QR322 2001 QS297 *** 2001 QS322 ** 2001 QU297 *** 2001 QW297 2001 QX297 ** 2001 QX322 2001 QY297 * 2001 QZ297 ** 2001 RU143 ** 2001 RX143 ** 2001 RZ143 * 2001 XD255 *** 2001 XR254 ** 2002 CB249 *** 2002 CP154 *** 2002 CY248 ** 2002 GF32 ** 2002 GH166 *** 2002 GH32 ** 2002 GJ32 ** 2002 GN32 *** 2002 GP32 ** 2002 GR32 *** 2002 GU32 *** 2002 GV31 ** 2002 GV32 ** 2002 GY32 ** 2002 GZ31 ** 2002 JR146 *** 2002 KW14 * 2002 KY14 *** 2002 MS4 2002 PJ149 *** 2002 PQ145 ** 2002 PQ149 *** 2002 PQ152 *** 2002 QX47 ** 2002 VD130 ** 2002 VT130 * 2002 VU130 2002 XH91 ** 2002 XV93 ** 2003 AZ84 2003 FE128 ** 2003 FF128 ** 2003 FM129 *** 2003 GH55 ** 2003 HC57 ** 2003 LE7 *** 2003 QA91 ** 2003 QA92 ** 2003 QM91 *** 2003 QP91 *** 2003 QR91 ** 2003 QW90 * 2003 QX111 ** 2003 SQ317 ** 2003 UE292 *** 2003 UJ292 *** 2003 UP292 *** 2003 UT292 ** 2003 UW292 *** 2003 UZ117 ** 2003 WU172 ** 2003 WU188 ** 2004 EO95 *** 2004 FU148 ** 2004 OL12 *** 2004 PA108 ** 2004 PG115 *** 2004 PR107 *** 2004 PT107 ** 2004 PW107 ** 2004 PY107 ** 2004 TF282 ** 2004 TV357 ** 2004 VT75 ** 2004 VZ75 ** 2004 XA192 *** 2004 XR190 ** 2005 EB299 ** 2005 EC318 ** 2005 EF298 ** 2005 ER318 ** 2005 EX318 *** 2005 EZ296 ** 2005 GB187 ** 2005 GE187 ** 2005 JA175 ** 2005 JP179 ** 2005 JR179 ** 2005 PM21 *** 2005 PR21 ** 2005 PU21 ** 2005 QU182 *** 2005 RO43 ** 2005 RP43 ** 2005 RS43 ** 2005 VA123 *** 2005 VJ119 ** 2005 XN113 *** 2005 XU100 ** 2006 HF123 *** 2006 HH123 *** 2006 HJ123 ** 2006 HQ122 ** 2006 QJ181 *** 2006 RC103 *** 2006 SQ372 ** 2006 SX368 ** 2006 UX184 *** 2006 UZ184 ***